气候因子对昭通苹果产量和品质的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0116

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (9): 84-91.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0116

气候因子对昭通苹果产量和品质的影响

武丹¹^,²(), 唐丽娜¹, 王静³, 蒙元燕¹, 张小龙¹, 刘丽¹, 吴冬³, 黄国嫣³, 张秀英³, 蔡荣靖¹^,²(), 许留兴¹^,²()

¹ 昭通学院农学与生命科学学院，云南昭通 657000
² 昭通学院昭通苹果产业绿色发展工程研究中心，云南昭通 657000
³ 昭通市苹果产业发展中心，云南昭通 657000

收稿日期:2024-06-20 修回日期:2025-01-16 出版日期:2025-09-17 发布日期:2025-09-17
通讯作者:
许留兴，男，1991年出生，贵州盘州人，副教授，博士研究生，主要从事牧草栽培与加工方面的研究。通信地址：657000 云南省昭通市昭阳区国学路昭通学院，Tel：0870-2121914，E-mail：331405719@qq.com；
蔡荣靖，男，1978年出生，云南昭通人，正高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事作物栽培方面的研究，Tel：0870-2121914，E-mail：592497332@qq.com。
作者简介:
武丹，女，1990年出生，助教，硕士，主要从事叶际微生物方面的研究。通信地址：657000 云南省昭通市昭阳区国学路昭通学院，Tel：0870-2121914，E-mail：834487291@qq.com。
基金资助:
兴昭人才计划项目(2023); 云南省教育厅昭通苹果产业绿色发展工程研究中心建设项目(云教发[2024]5号)

Influence of Climatic Factors on Yield and Nutrition of Zhaotong Apples

WU Dan¹^,²(), TANG Lina¹, WANG Jing³, MENG Yuanyan¹, ZHANG Xiaolong¹, LIU Li¹, WU Dong³, HUANG Guoyan³, ZHANG Xiuying³, CAI Rongjing¹^,²(), XU Liuxing¹^,²()

¹ College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong Yunnan 657000
² Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Green Development of Zhaotong Apple Industry, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong Yunnan 657000
³ Zhaotong Apple Industry Development Center, Zhaotong Yunnan 657000

Received:2024-06-20 Revised:2025-01-16 Online:2025-09-17 Published:2025-09-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究从中国知网全文数据库和Web of Science数据库获取有关昭通苹果产量和品质的数据，使用最小二乘法建立线性回归模型，以研究气候因子对昭通苹果产量和品质的影响。结果表明，年降雨量对产量和可溶性固形物的决定系数较低，但对可滴定酸和含水量的决定系数较高。年平均气温对单果重、可滴定酸和果形指数的决定系数均较低，但对产量和可溶性糖含量的决定系数较高。在昭通苹果种植区，年降雨量和平均温度的升高降低了苹果的品质，但年平均最高气温的升高提高了苹果产量，而年平均最低气温的升高增加了单果重。此外，结合当前气候因子及未来的变化趋势，建议种植耐高温品种，秋季到春季灌溉2~3次。在育种和生产管理过程中，建议重点考虑延长寒冷期和晚开花品种的选择和生产计划的制定。

关键词: 气候因子, 昭通苹果, 产量, 降雨量, 温度

Abstract:

In this study, data on yield and quality of Zhaotong apples were obtained from China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) full text database and Web of Science database (WOS), a linear model was established by fitting a regression model using least squares estimation in order to study the effects of climatic factors on yield and quality of Zhaotong apples. The coefficient of determination of annual rainfall was low for yield and soluble solids content, and was high for titratable acid and water contents. Mean annual temperature had lower coefficients of determination for single fruit weight, titratable acid content and fruit shape index, and had higher coefficients of determination for yield and soluble sugar content. In the Zhaotong apple growing area, the increase of annual rainfall and mean temperature decreased apple quality, while the increase of mean annual maximum temperature increased apple yield, and the increase of mean annual minimum temperature increased single fruit weight. Taking into account the current climatic factors and future trends, it is recommended to plant varieties tolerant to high temperatures and to irrigate 2-3 times from autumn to spring. In breeding and production management, it is recommended to focus on the selection of varieties with extended cold periods and late flowering and working out production programs.

Key words: climate factors, Zhaotong apple, yield, rainfall, temperature

武丹, 唐丽娜, 王静, 蒙元燕, 张小龙, 刘丽, 吴冬, 黄国嫣, 张秀英, 蔡荣靖, 许留兴. 气候因子对昭通苹果产量和品质的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2025, 15(9): 84-91.

WU Dan, TANG Lina, WANG Jing, MENG Yuanyan, ZHANG Xiaolong, LIU Li, WU Dong, HUANG Guoyan, ZHANG Xiuying, CAI Rongjing, XU Liuxing. Influence of Climatic Factors on Yield and Nutrition of Zhaotong Apples[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2025, 15(9): 84-91.

图/表 9

参考文献 28

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时间	农艺管理
1月	施底肥
4月	施肥（包括叶面肥）、喷施农药、灌溉
5月	喷施农药
6月	除草、喷施农药
7月	施肥（包括叶面肥）、喷施农药
8月	除草、喷施农药
9月	喷施农药
10月	施肥
11月	灌溉

时间	农艺管理
1月	施底肥
4月	施肥（包括叶面肥）、喷施农药、灌溉
5月	喷施农药
6月	除草、喷施农药
7月	施肥（包括叶面肥）、喷施农药
8月	除草、喷施农药
9月	喷施农药
10月	施肥
11月	灌溉

项目	降雨量		年平均气温
项目	线性拟合方程	R²	线性拟合方程	R²
Yi	y = 0.0003x+39.956	0.00004	y = 4.4776x-16.349	0.6465
SFW	y = 0.1213x +131	0.3789	y = 2.3821x+191.27	0.0066
SSo	y = 0.0013 x+13.536	0.0609	y = -0.6305 x+22.5	0.4002
TA	y = -0.0004 x+ 0.5706	0.6915	y = 0.021 x+0.0091	0.0424
VC	y = -0.0828 x+79.348	0.4400	y = 11.251 x-127.74	0.1979
SSu	y = 0.0204 x-0.4653	0.1563	y = -8.7521 x+128.56	0.7200
SR	y = 0.041 x+9.8483	0.3781	y = -30.674 x+431.82	0.5253
Mo	y = -0.012 x +91.53	0.8906	y = 1.0543 x+69.694	0.3568
Ha	y = -0.0032 x+11.011	0.3004	y = 0.8446 x-2.0987	0.5657
FSI	y = 0.0305 x-19.388	0.4397	y = -0.0831 x+4.843	0.0001

项目	降雨量		年平均气温
项目	线性拟合方程	R²	线性拟合方程	R²
Yi	y = 0.0003x+39.956	0.00004	y = 4.4776x-16.349	0.6465
SFW	y = 0.1213x +131	0.3789	y = 2.3821x+191.27	0.0066
SSo	y = 0.0013 x+13.536	0.0609	y = -0.6305 x+22.5	0.4002
TA	y = -0.0004 x+ 0.5706	0.6915	y = 0.021 x+0.0091	0.0424
VC	y = -0.0828 x+79.348	0.4400	y = 11.251 x-127.74	0.1979
SSu	y = 0.0204 x-0.4653	0.1563	y = -8.7521 x+128.56	0.7200
SR	y = 0.041 x+9.8483	0.3781	y = -30.674 x+431.82	0.5253
Mo	y = -0.012 x +91.53	0.8906	y = 1.0543 x+69.694	0.3568
Ha	y = -0.0032 x+11.011	0.3004	y = 0.8446 x-2.0987	0.5657
FSI	y = 0.0305 x-19.388	0.4397	y = -0.0831 x+4.843	0.0001

	AR	LCAR	AMCR	AMCPD	YAAT	AMT	AMMT	AEMAT	AELT	AARH	AMRH	ASH	AAWS
Yi	0.006	-0.338	0.745	0.365	0.804	0.903*	0.339	0.788	0.023	-0.482	-0.177	0.277	-0.001
SFW	0.616	0.424	0.502	0.116	0.081	0.298	0.834*	0.029	0.450	-0.301	-0.524	0.514	-0.310
SSo	0.248	-0.075	0.000	-0.488	-0.633*	-0.605*	-0.302	-0.412	-0.176	-0.463	-0.251	0.027	0.034
TA	-0.833*	0.121	-0.511	0.166	0.218	0.508	0.645	0.145	0.670	0.579	0.128	-0.041	-0.161
VC	-0.663	-0.227	-0.086	-0.574	0.445	0.107	0.066	0.236	0.266	0.651	0.126	0.579	0.551
SSu	0.395	0.164	-0.552	-0.563	-0.848*	-0.535	0.105	-0.129	0.112	0.153	-0.168	-0.097	-0.304
SR	0.615	0.973	0.973	0.947	-0.725	-0.725	-0.842	-0.869	0.297	-0.972	-0.460	-0.395	-0.460
Mo	-0.944	-0.234	-0.232	0.607	0.597	0.930	0.605	-0.425	0.692	0.134	-0.348	0.596	-0.089
Ha	-0.548	0.083	0.041	0.485	0.752**	0.659*	0.207	0.560	0.380	0.497	0.049	0.158	0.247
FSI	0.663	0.355	0.230	0.397	-0.011	0.212	0.829*	-0.253	-0.676	-0.052	-0.523	0.111	-0.605

气候因子对昭通苹果产量和品质的影响

Influence of Climatic Factors on Yield and Nutrition of Zhaotong Apples

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参考文献 28

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成份	初始特征			提取载荷平方和			旋转载荷平方和
成份	特征值	方差贡献率/%	累计方差贡献/%	特征值	方差贡献率/%	累计方差贡献率/%	特征值	方差贡献率/%	累计方差贡献率/%
1	3.342	33.425	33.425	3.342	33.425	33.425	3.188	31.876	31.876
2	1.700	17.001	50.425	1.700	17.001	50.425	1.761	17.612	49.488
3	1.461	14.612	65.037	1.461	14.612	65.037	1.555	15.549	65.037

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