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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (11): 28-34.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0136

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

轮作模式下有机肥施用量对洱海流域油菜经济性状及产量的影响

陈晓艳1(), 张立帆2, 李建永1, 刘和湖3, 李根泽2, 刘翠翠1, 张云云1, 羊国安1, 王学明1, 何青1, 周杉1, 朱炫1(), 赵凯琴2()   

  1. 1 大理州农业科学推广研究院经济作物研究所，云南宾川 671600
    2 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所，昆明 650051
    3 德宏州农业科学研究所，云南德宏 678400
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-05 修回日期:2024-12-23 出版日期:2025-11-19 发布日期:2025-11-19
  • 通讯作者:
    朱炫，男，1965年出生，云南大理人，推广研究员，学士，研究方向：油料作物栽培技术试验示范推广工作。通信地址：671600 云南省大理白族自治州宾川县白塔路30号 大理州农业科学推广研究院经济作物研究所，Tel：0872-2481226，E-mail：；
    赵凯琴，女，1981年出生，云南大理人，副研究员，博士，研究方向：油料作物育种工作。通信地址：650051 云南昆明盘龙区北京路2238号 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所，Tel：0871-65892360，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    陈晓艳，女，1981年出生，云南大理人，高级农艺师，学士，研究方向：油料作物栽培技术试验示范推广工作。通信地址：671600 云南省大理白族自治州宾川县白塔路30号 大理州农业科学推广研究院经济作物研究所，Tel：0872-2481226，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省高层次人才培养支持计划“云岭产业技术领军人才专项”(YNWR-CYJS-2020); 大理州重点研发项目“优质油菜绿色轻简高效多用途种植技术试验示范”(D2022NB0209)

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application Rate on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Rapeseed Under Rice-oilseed Rape Rotation Model in Erhai Lake Basin

CHEN Xiaoyan1(), ZHANG Lifan2, LI Jianyong1, LIU Hehu3, LI Genze2, LIU Cuicui1, ZHANG Yunyun1, YANG Guoan1, WANG Xueming1, HE Qing1, ZHOU Shan1, ZHU Xuan1(), ZHAO Kaiqin2()   

  1. 1 Industrial Crop Research Institute, Dali Academy of Agricultural Science Extension and Research, Binchuan, Yunnan 671600
    2 Industrial Crop Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650051
    3 Dehong Agricultural Science Research Institute, Dehong, Yunnan 678400
  • Received:2024-07-05 Revised:2024-12-23 Online:2025-11-19 Published:2025-11-19

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摘要： 为探索洱海流域“水稻—油菜”轮作模式下，不同有机肥用量对作物经济性状和产量的影响，于2019—2022年在大理市银桥镇恒安农林专业合作社进行了定点定位大田试验，以油菜‘云油杂51号’、水稻‘云粳37’为供试作物，水稻施用7500 kg/hm2固体有机肥+600 kg/hm2液体有机肥，油菜设置不施肥(A)、7500 kg/hm2固体有机肥+1890 kg/hm2液体有机肥(B)、15000 kg/hm2固体有机肥+1890 kg/hm2液体有机肥(C)、22500 kg/hm2固体有机肥+1890 kg/hm2液体有机肥(D)共4个处理，采用轮作方式，进行经济性状观测和效益分析。结果显示：（1）油菜各主要经济性状均值随有机肥施用量的增加而增加；（2）油菜A~D处理的3 a平均产量分别为：922.40、2352.35、2830.55、3237.40 kg/hm2，油菜产量随有机肥施用量的增加而提高。研究发现，增施有机肥可提高作物的产量和经济性状，综合考虑产量和成本等因素，15000 kg/hm2固体有机肥+1890 kg/hm2液体有机肥为洱海流域种植油菜的最佳有机肥施用量。本研究为洱海流域绿色生态种植提供了技术参考。

关键词: 油菜, 有机肥, 经济性状, 产量, 洱海流域

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the impact of different organic fertilizer applications on the economic traits and yield of crops under the rice-oilseed rape rotation model, exploring the optimal rate of organic fertilizer application and providing scientific basis for application in oilseed rape cultivation. Field trials were conducted from 2019 to 2022 at the Heng’an Agricultural and Forestry Professional Cooperative in Yinqiao Town, Dali City. Rice cultivation was treated with 7500 kg/hm2 of solid organic fertilizer and 600 kg/hm2 of liquid organic fertilizer. Four treatments of organic fertilizer applications for oilseed rape cultivation were set up, including no fertilizer (A), 7500 kg/hm2 of solid organic fertilizer + 1890 kg/hm2 of liquid organic fertilizer (B), 15000 kg/hm2 of solid organic fertilizer + 1890 kg/hm2 of liquid organic fertilizer (C), 22500 kg/hm2 of solid organic fertilizer + 1890 kg/hm2 of liquid organic fertilizer (D). The results showed that: (1) the average values of the main economic traits of oilseed rape increased with the quantity of organic fertilizer application. (2) Over two years, the average yields of oilseed rape in treatments A to D was 922.40, 2352.35, 2830.5 and 3237.40 kg/hm2, respectively, demonstrating that oilseed rape yield also increased with the application of organic fertilizer. This study concluded that increasing application of organic fertilizer enhanced oilseed rape yield and economic traits. Considering the factors such as yield and cost, the optimal application rate of organic fertilizer was proposed as followed: 15000 kg/hm2 of solid organic fertilizer and 1890 kg/hm2 of liquid organic fertilizer. This study provides a scientific guidance and theoretical basis for organic fertilizer application in cultivation of oilseed rape.

Key words: rape, organic fertilizer, agronomic traits, yield, Erhai Lake basin